Indian Clouded leopards belong to the Neofelis
genus. Read on to know more about the clouded leopard of India.
Clouded
leopards belong to the Neofelis genus and have the scientific name of
Neofelis nebulosa. The average lifespan of a clouded leopard is 11 years
in the wild. However, in cases of captivity, it may go upto 17 years.
Physical Traits
A clouded leopard grows to a length of 60 to 110 cm (2 ft to 3 ft 6
in). Its weigh may be somewhere between 11 and 23 kg (25 lbs and 50
lbs). The coat of Indian leopards is tan in color and has large,
erratically shaped, dark-edged ellipses marks on it. Since the shape of
the ellipses resembles clouds, the animals have been given the name of
'Clouded Leopards'. Their build is huge and their canine teeth are the
longest amongst all the cat species.
The short flexible legs of the Clouded leopard of India, along with its
large paws and sharp claws, make it an excellent tree climber. Its tail
is almost as long as its entire body, which serves as a further support
in climbing. The cubs of clouded leopard do not have dark ellipse,
rather their entire body is dark in color.
Diet
The clouded leopard is a carnivore and mainly survives on arboreal and
terrestrial mammals, primarily consisting of gibbons, macaques and
proboscis monkey. Its other prey includes small mammals, deer, birds,
porcupines, and domestic livestock.
No Relation to Leopard
Clouded leopard has no close relation to leopard and comes under a
separate genus, known as Neofelis.
Natural Habitat
Clouded leopards prefer to stay in tropical and subtropical forest of
India, with an altitude of over 2,000 meters. One can also find the
animal inhabiting Indian mangrove swamps and grassland. Their natural
habitat stretches through southern China, the eastern Himalayas,
northeast India, and Southeast Asia. It is believed that the species has
become extinct in Taiwan.
Sub-species
Earlier, the clouded leopard was believed to have four subspecies,
namely:
However, a few years back, molecular genetic analyses
have put a strong case for inclusion of two more species in this
category, namely Neofelis nebulosa (found in mainland Asia) and Neofelis
diardi (found in Indonesian archipelago).
Behavior
There is hardly any information about the behavioral traits of the
Clouded leopard in the wild. However, it is believed that they are
solitary creatures, which can be seldom seen in groups.
Mating Behavior
Female Clouded leopard attains maturity after it reaches the age of two
years. After the gestation period, which lasts for about 85 to 93 days,
it gives birth to cubs, which may be 1 to 5 in number. The cubs get
active within 5 weeks of birth and become independent after around 10
months.
Status
Clouded leopard has been listed in the Appendix I by CITES, the
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna
and Flora. It is an endangered species and its international trade for
any reason, except for scientific research, is restricted. Clouded
leopard also finds a mention in the Endangered Species Act of the United
States.